Osteoporosis

Q. Ptosis and diplopia are symptoms of
a. Gout. B. Myathenia gravis .c. tetany d. Arthritis

Q. Which of the following is not a prion disease?

1. Lewy body dementia
2. Scrapie
3. Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD)
4. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)

Q. Osteoporosis, an age-related disease of skeletal system, may occur due to

1. Decreased level of estrogen
2. Immune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue
3. Accumulation of uric acid leading to inflammation of joints
4. High concentration of $C{a}^{++}$ and $N{a}^{+}$

Q.

In old age, people often suffer from stiff and inflamed joints. What is this condition called? What are the possible reasons for these symptoms?

Q.

(i) Exchange of calcium between bone and extracellular fluid takes place under the influence of certain hormones

What will happen if more of $C{a}^{2+}$ is in extracellular fluid?

Q. Match the columns I and II, and choose the correct combination from the options given.

	column I		column II
a	Neoplasm	1	Hematopoietic cell tumour
b	Benign tumour	2	Bone cartilage tissue cancer
c	Carcinomas	3	Malignant tumour
d	Sarcoma	4	Cancer of epithelial tissues
e	Lymphomas	5	Non Cancerous tumour
		6	Initiation of new tumours

1. $$\begin{array}{ccccc}a& b& c& d& e\\ 6& 4& 3& 2& 1\end{array}$$
2. $$\begin{array}{ccccc}a& b& c& d& e\\ 2& 5& 4& 3& 6\end{array}$$
3. $$\begin{array}{ccccc}a& b& c& d& e\\ 3& 5& 4& 1& 2\end{array}$$
4. $$\begin{array}{ccccc}a& b& c& d& e\\ 3& 5& 4& 2& 1\end{array}$$

Q.

Write the name of the hormone related to following function:

Children show mental retardation due to its deficiency.

Q. Inflammatory responses can be controlled by a certain steroid. Name the steroid, its source and also its other important functions.

Q.

Mention 5 disorders of the muscular and skeletal system.

Q. Pregnant women are not advised to have certain vaccinations such as MMR, chicken pox etc., while some vaccinations such as DPT are considered to be harmless. Give reasons.​

Q. Find the incorrect match

1. Colostrum - IgA antibodies
2. Recombinant DNA - Hepatitis B vaccine produced from yeast
3. Allergy - Release of chemicals like histamine and serotonin from the mast cells
4. Auto-immune – Addison’s disease

Q. Bronchogenic carcinoma is the cancer of

1. Intestine
   
2. Lungs
   
3. Liver
   
4. Breast
   

Q. Select the correct statement regarding the specific disorder of muscular or skeletal system.

1. Muscular dystrophy - age-related shortening of muscles
2. Osteoporosis-decrease in bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age
3. Myasthenia gravis - autoimmune disorder which inhibits sliding of myosin filaments
4. Gout - inflammation of joints due to extra deposition of calcium

Q.

Which one of the following is not a disorder of bone?

(a) Arthritis

(b) Osteoporosis

(c) Rickets

(d) Atherosclerosis

Q.

How does phenylketonuria affect the brain?

Q. The age dependent disorder characterised by low bone mass, increased fragility and susceptibility to fractures is

1. Rheumatoid arthritis
2. Gouty arthritis
3. Osteoarthritis
4. Osteoporosis

Q. Which of the following disease is not prevented by vaccines ?

1. Hepatitis
2. Cholera
3. Osteoporosis
4. Small pox

Q.

All the following are neurological disorders except:

1. Epilepsy

2. Alzheimer's disease

3. Parkinson's disease

4. Arthritis

Q. Bone cancer belongs to the category of

1. Carcinoma
2. Sarcoma
3. Leukaemia
4. Malignant lymphoma

Q. Choose the correct options with respect to the conditions given below.
1. Tetany - Rapid spasms in muscle.
2. Muscular dystrophy - Gradual development of the skeletal muscle tissue.
3. Osteoarthritis - wearing off of the cartilage protecting the bones at the joints
4. Myasthenia gravis - an autoimmune disease

1. All four are correct.
2. Three are correct.
3. Two are correct.
4. Only one is correct.

Q.

Who discovered ‘vaccine’ for the first time? Name two diseases which can be prevented by using vaccines.

Q. Assertion :The bone disorder called osteoporosis results from the loss of calcium and phosphate from the bone matrix. Reason: In osteoporosis, bone material is destroyed by osteoclasts more quickly than it is laid down by osteoblasts.

1. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
2. Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion
3. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect
4. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

Q. Assertion :Old ladies are prone to osteoporosis. Reason: Oestrogen at menopause also maintains calcium balance in the bones and blood.

1. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
2. Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
3. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
4. Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

Q. The age dependent disorder characterised by low bone mass, increased fragility and susceptibility to fractures is

1. Rheumatoid arthritis
2. Osteoarthritis
3. Osteoporosis
4. Gouty arthritis

Q. Select the correct statement about disorder of muscular or skeletal system.

1. Myasthenia gravis $\to$ Autoimmune disorder which inhibits sliding of myosin filaments
2. Gout $\to$ Inflammation of joints due to extra deposition of calcium
3. Osteoporosis $\to$ Decrease in bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age
4. Muscular dystrophy $\to$ Age related shortening of muscles

Q.

Who is at risk for acromegaly?

Q. The hormone which is not involved in maintaining $C{a}^{2+}$ balance in the human body includes ________.

1. Cortisol
2. Aldosterone
3. Parathormone
4. Thyrocalcitonin

Q. Osteoporosis, an age related disease of skeletal system , may occur due to

1. accumulation of uric acid leading to inflammation of joints
2. immune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue
3. high concentration of ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{2^{+}}$and ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$
4. decreased level of estrogen

Q. A person is suffering from macrocytic / megaloblastic anaemia. This anaemia can be due to degenerative action of

1. Chief cells
2. Oxyntic cells
3. Peptic cells
4. zymogen cells

Q. Which of the following is the correct pairing regarding a specific disorder of muscular or skeletal system ?

1. Osteoporosis - Decrease in bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age
2. Muscular dystrophy - Age related shortening of muscles
3. Myasthenia gravis - Autoimmune disorder which inhibits sliding of myosin filaments
4. Gout - Inflammation of joints due to extra deposition of calcium