(a) Account for the following:
(i) Mn shows the highest oxidation state of +7 with oxygen but with fluorine it shows the highest oxidation state of +4.
(ii) Zirconium and Hafnium exhibit similar properties.
(iii) Transition metals act as catalysts.
(b) Complete the following equations:

$\begin{matrix} (i) & 2 M n O_{2} & + & 4 K O H & + & O_{2} & △ - \to (i i) & C r_{2} O_{7}^{2 -} & + & 14 H^{+} & + & 6 I^{-} & - \to \end{matrix}$

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Solution

(a)
(i) Due to ability pf oxygen to form multiple bond $p π - p π$ bonds.
(ii)Due to lanthnoid contraction, Hf (Z=72) has size similar to that of Zr (Z=40). Hence, their properties are similar.
(iii) Transition metals act as catalysts due to their ability to adopt multiple oxidation states and to form complexes.

$\begin{matrix} (i) & 2 M n O_{2} & + & 4 K O H & + & O_{2} & △ - \to 2 K_{2} M n O_{4} & + & 2 H_{2} O (i i) & C r_{2} O_{7}^{2 -} & + & 14 H^{+} & + & 6 I^{-} & - ---------- \to & 2 C r^{3 +} & + & 7 H_{2} O & + & 3 I_{2} \end{matrix}$

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Similar questions

\begin{matrix} (i) & 2 M n O_{2} & + & 4 K O H & + & O_{2} & △ - \to (i i) & C r_{2} O_{7}^{2 -} & + & 14 H^{+} & + & 6 I^{-} & - \to \end{matrix}

M n

+ 7

+ 4

M n

C r^{2 +}

C u^{2 +}

Z n^{2 +}

2 M n O_{2} + 4 K O H + O_{2} Δ \to

C r_{2} O_{7}^{2 -} + 14 H^{+} + 6 e^{-} \to

Give examples and suggest reasons for the following features of the transition metal chemistry:

(i)The lowest oxide of transition metal is basic, and the highest is amphoteric/acidic.

(ii) A transition metal exhibits the highest oxidation state in oxides and fluorides.

(iii) The highest oxidation state is exhibited in the oxoanions of a metal.

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