(a) Define the following in terms of gain or loss of hydrogen with one example each:
(i) oxidation (ii) reduction
(b) When a magnesium ribbon is heated, it burns in air to form magnesium oxide. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. Name (i) substance oxidised, and (ii) substance reduced.

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Solution

(i) Oxidation is the loss of hydrogen.

Example:
MnO₂+ 4HCl → MnCl₂ + 2H₂O + Cl₂
Here, HCl oxidises to Cl₂ by losing hydrogen.

(ii) Reduction is the gain of hydrogen.

Example:
CuO + H₂ → Cu + H₂O
Here, CuO reduces to Cu by gaining hydrogen.

(b) Balanced chemical reaction is given as follows:
2Mg + O₂→ 2MgO

(i) The substance oxidised is magnesium.
(ii) The substance reduced is oxygen.

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