Explain the process through which changes in states of matter occur.

Process of change of states of matter:

• Melting
• Vaporization
• Condensation
• Freezing
• Sublimation
• Deposition
• Evaporation

Melting: (change of solid into liquid)

• The change of solid into liquid due to an increase in temperature is known as melting.
• Example: Ice is a solid that melts to form water at $0°\mathrm{C}$.

Melting point: The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid at atmospheric pressure.

Vaporization: (change of a liquid into gas)

• The process of change of water into vapor is called vaporization.
• When water is heated after reaching $100°\mathrm{C}$ water starts boiling. At this temperature, the water turns into vapor.
• Since water boils at $100°\mathrm{C}$, hence $100°\mathrm{C}$ is called the boiling point of water.

Boiling point: The boiling point for any material is the temperature at which the material transforms into the gas phase from the liquid phase.

Condensation: (change of gas into liquid)

• The change of vapor into the water because of a decrease in temperature is called condensation.
• Condensation is the reverse process of vaporization.
• Distilled water is manufactured by the condensation of vapor.
• The process of making distilled water is known as distillation. In distillation, first water is boiled to vaporize and the vapor is cooled, i.e., Condensed to get distilled water.

Freezing: (change of a liquid into solid)

• The change of a liquid into a solid because of a decrease in temperature is called freezing.
• Water changes into ice because of a decrease in temperature, in other words, water freezes into ice because of a decrease in temperature.
• Water freezes at $0°\mathrm{C}$.

Sublimation:

• Sublimation is the change of the gaseous state directly into the solid-state, without going through the liquid state.
• Example: Vaporization of solid Carbon dioxide$\left({\mathrm{CO}}_2\right)$ (dry ice) at ordinary atmospheric pressure and temperature.

Deposition:

• The deposition is defined as the process in which a gas changes directly into a solid without changing into the liquid state.
• Example: The formation of frost.

Evaporation:

• Evaporation is a process where liquid changes into a gas below the temperature at which it boils.
• When water gains heat energy it changes to a gas.
• An increase in temperature speeds up the rate of evaporation.