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Ethanoic Acid or Acetic Acid

On dropping a...

Question

On dropping a small piece of sodium in a test tube containing carbon compound $^{'} X^{'}$ with molecular formula $C_{2} H_{6} O$ , a brisk effervescence is observed and a gas and $Y$ is produced. On bringing a burning splinter at the mouth of the test tube the gas evolved burns with a pop sound. Identify $^{'} X^{'}$ and $^{'} Y^{'}$ . Also write the chemical equation for the reaction. Write the name and structure of the product formed, when you heat $^{'} X^{'}$ with excess conc. sulphuric acid?

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Solution

If a small piece of sodium is dropped into ethanol, it reacts steadily to give off bubbles of hydrogen gas and leaves a colorless solution of sodium ethoxide $C H_{3} C H_{2} O N a$ . Hydrogen gas that is released burns with a pop sound.

1. X is ethanol - $C H_{3} C H_{2} O H$

2. Y is Sodium ethoxide - $C H_{3} C H_{2} O N a$

3. Chemical equation for the reaction is:

$2 C H_{3} C H_{2} O H + 2 N a \to 2 C H_{3} C H_{2} O N a + H_{2}$

4. When Ethanol is heated with excess of conc. sulphuric acid, it leads to dehydration of ethanol to ethene - $C H_{2} = C H_{2} .$

$C H_{3} C H_{2} O H c o n c . H_{2} S O_{4} - ------ \to C H_{2} = C H_{2} + H_{2} O$

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