Plants growing in and around a pond eventually filling in the pond and converting it to a terrestrial habitat is an example of

The correct option is B Succession
The process of change in ecological community of an area over time which in turn results in the formation of climax community is termed as succession. The direction and predictable change in the community lead to alteration of the environment. Now the changing environment leads to altered species composition and structure. Hence, conversion of the pond into a terrestrial habitat by its community is the example of succession. Option A is the correct answer.

Option B is incorrect as dispersion refers to spread.

Option C is incorrect as fertilization is the fusion of male and female gamete.

Option D is incorrect as splitting of existing species into daughter species or transformation of existing species into the new one without formation of any lineage species is termed as speciation.

Option E is incorrect as sudden random changes in the genome are mutations.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.