Question 2
Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples.

The different methods of asexual reproduction are as follows:

(a) Vegetative propagation
It is a type of asexual reproduction in which new plants are produced from roots, stems and leaves.


(b) Budding
Organisms such as Hydra, a bud develops as an outgrowth at one specific site. These buds develop into tiny individuals and when fully mature, detach from the parent body and become new independent individuals.


(c) Fragmentation
When water and nutrients are available, algae grow and multiply rapidly and break up into two or more fragments. These fragments or pieces grow into new individuals.


(d) Spore formation
The spores are asexual reproductive bodies. Each spore is covered by a hard protective coat to withstand unfavourable conditions such as high temperature and low humidity. So they can survive for a long time. Under favourable conditions, a spore germinates and develops into a new individual.