Rutherford's alpha particle scattering experiment led to the discovery of

The correct option is B

Nucleus

The correct option is (B).

Explanation of correct option:

1. Rutherford and his coworkers performed a number of experiments known as Scattering experiments.
2. The main conclusion of Rutherford's experiment is: There is a tiny part present in the center of the atom which repels the alpha particles.
3. This positively charged heavy mass in the center of the atom is called the nucleus.
4. The $\mathrm{\alpha }$-particles get deflected from their normal path when they came close to the nucleus due to force of repulsion (similar charges).

Explanation of incorrect option:

Option (A): Neutron is the neutral particle that was discovered by Chadwick in 1932.

Option (C): In 1886, E. Goldstein discovered the positively charged particle called proton.

Option (D): The studies of cathode rays show that these rays consist of negatively charged particles known as electrons. An English Physicist, J.J Thomson discovered the cathode rays.

Thus, Rutherford's alpha-particle scattering experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus.