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Introduction to Organic Chemistry

What are hydr...

Question

What are hydrocarbons? Compare saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. [4 MARKS]

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Solution

Hydrocarbons: 1 Mark
Comparison: 3 Marks

Hydrocarbons are compounds that are made up only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
For example, ethane $(C_{2} H_{6})$ , acetylene $(C_{2} H_{2})$ , benzene $(C_{6} H_{6})$ etc.

Any three:
Comparison of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons
$\begin{matrix} S a t u r a t e d h y d r o c a r b o n s & U n s a t u r a t e d h y d r o c a r b o n s 1. A l l t h e f o u r v a l e n c i e s o f e a c h c a r b o n a t o m & T h e v a l e n c i e s o f a t l e a s t t w o c a r b o n a t o m s a r e s a t i s f i e d b y f o r m i n g s i n g l e c o v a l e n t & a r e n o t f u l l y s a t i s f i e d b y t h e h y d r o g e n a t o m s . b o n d s w i t h c a r b o n a n d h y d r o g e n a t o m s . 2. C a r b o n a t o m s a r e j o i n e d o n l y b y s i n g l e & C a r b o n a t o m s a r e j o i n e d b y d o u b l e c o v a l e n t c o v a l e n t b o n d s & b o n d s (> C = C <) o r b y t r i p l e c o v a l e n t ⎛ ⎜ ⎝ \begin{matrix} | & | - & C & C & - | & | \end{matrix} ⎞ ⎟ ⎠ & b o n d s (- C = C -) . 3. T h e y a r e l e s s r e a c t i v e d u e t o t h e n o n - & T h e y a r e m o r e r e a c t i v e d u e t o t h e p r e s e n c e a v a i l a b i l i t y o f e l e c t r o n s i n t h e s i n g l e & o f e l e c t r o n s i n t h e d o u b l e o r t h e t r i p l e b o n d . c o v a l e n t b o n d . 4. T h e y u n d e r g o s u b s t i t u t i o n r e a c t i o n s . & T h e y u n d e r g o a d d i t i o n r e a c t i o n s . \end{matrix}$

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