Why are transition elements called $d$ -block elements? How does it build a bridge between $s$ and $p$ block elements?

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Solution

Transition Elements:
Elements with partially filled $d$ -orbitals are referred to as transition elements or transition metals.
The d–block components are referred to be transition elements for the following reasons:
Their placement between the $s$ – and $p$ – block elements.
The chemical behavior of transition elements varies greatly.
Between the $s$ and $p$ block elements, they show transitional behavior.
The transition elements all have metallic characteristics.
Transition series:
1st transition series $Sc$ $Ti$ $V$ $Cr$ $Mn$ $Fe$ $Co$ $Ni$ $Cu$ $Zn$
$4 s^{2} 3 d^{1}$ $4 s^{2} 3 d^{2}$ $4 s^{2} 3 d^{3}$ $4 s^{1} 3 d^{5}$ $4 s^{2} 3 d^{5}$ $4 s^{2} 3 d^{6}$ $4 s^{2} 3 d^{7}$ $4 s^{2} 3 d^{8}$ $4 s^{1} 3 d^{10}$ $4 s^{2} 3 d^{10}$
2nd transition series $Y$ $Zr$ $Nb$ $Mo$ $Tc$ $Ru$ $Rh$ $Pd$ $Ag$ $Cd$
$5 s^{2} 4 d^{1}$ $5 s^{2} 4 d^{2}$ $5 s^{1} 4 d^{4}$ $5 s^{1} 4 d^{5}$ $5 s^{2} 4 d^{5}$ $5 s^{1} 4 d^{7}$ $5 s^{1} 4 d^{8}$ $5 s^{0} 4 d^{10}$ $5 s^{1} 4 d^{10}$ $5 s^{2} 4 d^{10}$
3rd transition series $La$ $Hf$ $Ta$ $W$ $Re$ $Os$ $Ir$ $Pt$ $Au$ $Hg$
$6 s^{2} 5 d^{1}$ $6 s^{2} 5 d^{2}$ $6 s^{2} 5 d^{3}$ $6 s^{2} 5 d^{4}$ $6 s^{2} 5 d^{5}$ $6 s^{2} 5 d^{6}$ $6 s^{2} 5 d^{7}$ $6 s^{1} 5 d^{9}$ $6 s^{1} 5 d^{10}$ $6 s^{2} 5 d^{10}$
The bridge between s- and p- block:
In the periodic table, $d$ -block elements are situated between $s$ -block and $p$ -block elements.
Due to their transitional nature between s and p block elements, these $d$ -block elements are known as transition elements.

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1st transition series	$Sc$	$Ti$	$V$	$Cr$	$Mn$	$Fe$	$Co$	$Ni$	$Cu$	$Zn$
1st transition series	$4 s^{2} 3 d^{1}$	$4 s^{2} 3 d^{2}$	$4 s^{2} 3 d^{3}$	$4 s^{1} 3 d^{5}$	$4 s^{2} 3 d^{5}$	$4 s^{2} 3 d^{6}$	$4 s^{2} 3 d^{7}$	$4 s^{2} 3 d^{8}$	$4 s^{1} 3 d^{10}$	$4 s^{2} 3 d^{10}$
2nd transition series	$Y$	$Zr$	$Nb$	$Mo$	$Tc$	$Ru$	$Rh$	$Pd$	$Ag$	$Cd$
2nd transition series	$5 s^{2} 4 d^{1}$	$5 s^{2} 4 d^{2}$	$5 s^{1} 4 d^{4}$	$5 s^{1} 4 d^{5}$	$5 s^{2} 4 d^{5}$	$5 s^{1} 4 d^{7}$	$5 s^{1} 4 d^{8}$	$5 s^{0} 4 d^{10}$	$5 s^{1} 4 d^{10}$	$5 s^{2} 4 d^{10}$
3rd transition series	$La$	$Hf$	$Ta$	$W$	$Re$	$Os$	$Ir$	$Pt$	$Au$	$Hg$
3rd transition series	$6 s^{2} 5 d^{1}$	$6 s^{2} 5 d^{2}$	$6 s^{2} 5 d^{3}$	$6 s^{2} 5 d^{4}$	$6 s^{2} 5 d^{5}$	$6 s^{2} 5 d^{6}$	$6 s^{2} 5 d^{7}$	$6 s^{1} 5 d^{9}$	$6 s^{1} 5 d^{10}$	$6 s^{2} 5 d^{10}$

Why are transition elements called d-block elements? How does it build a bridge between s and p block elements?

Why are transition elements called $d$ -block elements? How does it build a bridge between $s$ and $p$ block elements?