Definition and Significance of Mutation

Q. Sickle-cell anaemia is an autosomal linked recessive disease that can be transmitted from parents to the offspring when both the partners are carrier or heterozygous. The disease is controlled by a single pair of allele, \(Hb^A~ and~ Hb^S.\)
Identify X, Y and Z.

Q. In________, resistance to yellow mosaic virus was developed by mutation breeding.

1. cauliflower
2. cowpea
3. mung bean
4. chilli

Q.

What is the difference between mutation and variation?

Q.

According to Hugo de Vries, the mechanism of evolution is?

1. Saltation

2. Minor mutations

3. Phenotypic variations

4. Multiple step mutations

Q.

What is an example of silent mutation?

Q.

Variation is small and directional but mutation is random and directionless

What is the meaning of this line?

Q.

The tendency of population to remain in genetic equilibrium may be disturbed by

1. lack of mutations

2. lack of migration

3. lack of random mating

4. random mating

Q. Match the columns I and II, and choose the correct combination from the options given.

	Column I		Column II
a	Bacteriophage Lambda	i	$5386$ nucleotides
b	Bacteriophage $\varphi \times 174$	ii	$48502$ bp
c	Escherichia coli	iii	$4.6\times {10}^6$ bp
d	Homo sapiens	iv	$6.6\times {10}^9$ bp

1. $a-i,b-ii,c-iii,d-iv$
2. $a-ii,b-i,c-iii,d-iv$
3. $a-i,b-ii,c-iv,d-iii$
4. $a-ii,b-i,c-iv,d-iii$

Q.

An allele is dominant if it is expressed in

1. Both homozygous and heterozygous states

2. Second generation

3. Heterozygous combination

4. Homozygous combination

Q.

Is sickle cell pleiotropy?

Q.

What is conditional lethal mutation?

Q. Read the following statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Frederick Sanger developed the method for determination of amino acid sequences in proteins.
Statement 2: Sequencing of DNA bases was done on the method developed by Frederick Sanger.

1. Both the statements are correct
2. Both the statements are incorrect
3. Only statement 1 is correct
4. Only statement 2 is correct

Q. Choose the correct statement with respect to sickle cell disease.

1. Infected individuals have abnormally high level of haemoglobin
2. Sickle-shaped cells are eliminated rather quickly by the body than the normal RBCs
3. It is a sex-linked disease occuring more in males than females
4. Bone marrow transplant has no effect in this condition

Q. Read the following statements and select the correct option
I. When certain individuals migrate out of the population, gene frequencies change in the population.
II. Stabilising, directional and disruptive selection are types of artificial selection
III. Extreme phenotypes are favoured in the disruptive selection
IV. Single step large mutation is called genetic drift

1. I, II, III and IV are correct
2. I, II and III are correct
3. I and III are correct
4. I and II are correct

Q.

Is cystic fibrosis an example of Pleiotropy?

Q. What is mutation? Explain in detail.

Q.

What is the meaning of epigenetics?

Q.

What are Proto-oncogenes?

Q.

how are the hereditary changes responsible for evolution?

Q.

What is the difference between DNA damage and mutation?

Q.

__ causes gradual change in a species and leads to its evolution.

Q. Which of the following was used by Meselson and Stahl to separate DNA during their experiment on the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication?

1. Ammonium chloride
2. Protease
3. Cesium chloride
4. Nucleases

Q.

Is Crohns disease caused by a frameshift mutation?

Q.

Point mutation involves:

1. Insertion

2. Deletion

3. Duplication

4. Change in a single base pair

Q. A mutation that changes a codon specifying one amino acid to a termination codon is called a

1. missense mutation
2. transition mutation
3. non-sense mutation
4. frameshift mutation

Q. If dominant alleles of two gene loci produce the same phenotype whether inherit separately or together, it will be

1. recessive epistasis
2. duplicate genes interaction
3. dominant epistasis
4. inhibitory genes interaction

Q. Forecoming generations are less adaptive than their parental generation due to:

1. Natural selection
2. Mutation
3. Genetic drift
4. Adaptation

Q. Selection will not eliminate a lethal recessive gene from a large population because

1. there are always some heterozygote carriers of the allele
2. gene fixation occurs in population
3. heterozygotes are at a selective advantage
4. rate of mutation to the lethal allele is high

Q. Which of the following should be avoided in biological marriage?

1. $A^{+}boyand{A}^{-}girl$
2. $O^{+}boyand{O}^{+}girl$
3. $A^{+}boyand{A}^{+}girl$
4. $O^{-}boyand{O}^{+}girl$

Q. Choose the correct statement with respect to Morgan's monohybrid experiment with eye colour of Drosophila, from the ones given below.

1. Red eyed flies and white eyed flies appeared in the ratio of 3:1 in the $F_1$ generation
2. White eyed females appeared in the $F_1$ generation indicating the presence of eye colour gene on the X chromosome.
3. In the $F_2$ generation, female and male flies with red eyes were in the ratio of 2:1.
4. The presence of white eyed female in the $F_2$ generation indicated the presence of eye colour gene on the X chromosome.