Hypo and Hyperthyroidism

Q.

Which hormonal deficiency is responsible for the following:
(a) Diabetes mellitus
(b) Goitre
(c) Cretinism

Q. Enlarged thyroid gland, protruded eyeballs, increased basal metabolic rate and loss of weight are symptoms of

1. cretinism
2. addison's disease
3. grave's disease
4. dwarfism

Q.

What are the effects of hypothyroidism (observed during pregnancy) on the development and maturation of a growing baby?

Q. Match the following from Column 1 and Column 2.
$\begin{array}{cc}\text{Column 1}& \text{Column 2}\\ \text{A. Melatonin}& \text{i. Swelling of the thyroid gland}\\ \text{B. Cretinism}& \text{ii.Increased rate of synthesis and}\\ & \text{secretion of the thyroid hormones}\\ \text{C. Hyperthyroidism}& \text{iii. Defective development and maturation}\\ & \text{of the growing baby leading to stunted growth}\\ \text{D. Goitre}& \text{iv. Regulates the diurnal rhythm of the body}\end{array}$

1. A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i
2. A- iv, B- ii, C-i, D-iii
3. A-i, B-iii, C-ii, D-iv
4. A- iv, B-iii, C- ii, D-i

Q. Exophthalmic goitre occurs due to

1. hyposecretion of thyroxine
2. hypersecretion of thyroxine
3. hypersecretion of thyrocalcitonin
4. hyposecretion of thyrocalcitonin

Q. A pregnant female delivers a baby, who suffers from stunted growth, mental retardation, low intelligence quotient and abnormal skin. This is the result of

1. deficiency of iodine in diet.
2. low secretion of growth hormone.
3. cancer of the thyroid gland.
4. oversecretion of TSH.

Q. Both haemophilia and thalassemia are blood related disorders in humans. Write their causes and the difference between the two. Name the category of genetic disorder they both come under. [3]

Q.

Our hair and nails contain:

1. Protein

2. Calcium

3. Chlorine

4. Phosphorus

Q.

Is a thyroid problem hereditary?

Q.

Choose the correct option-

A health disorder that results from the deficiency of thyroxine in adults and is characterised by-

1. Myxoedema

2. Simple goitre

3. Hypothyroidism

4. Cretinism

Q.

Choose the odd one out-

Cretinism, myxoedema, simple goitre, acromegaly.

Q.

On an educational trip to Uttaranchal, Ketki and her friends observe that many local people were having swollen necks, Please help Ketki and her friends to find out the solutions to the following questions.

(i) which probable disease could these people suffering from?

(ii) How is it caused?

(iii) What effect does this condition have on pregnancy?

Q.

A 35 year old woman has TSH level 6.03 mU/L. What change should she bring in her diet to control this level?

Q.

What autoimmune diseases affect the kidney?

Q. Select the answer which correctly matches the endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes and it’s function or deficiency symptom

1. Thyroid – Thyroxine – Lack of iodine in diet results in Goitre
2. Corpus luteum – Testosterone – Stimulates spermatogenesis
3. Posterior pituitary – Growth hormone (GH) – Oversecretion stimulates abnormal growth
4. Anterior pituitary – Oxytocin – Stimulates uterus contraction during child birth

Q.

Differentiate between Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism

Q.

Choose the correct option-

A health disorder that results from the deficiency in adults and is characterized by (I) a low metabolic rate, (II) an increase in body weight, and (III) a tendency to retain water in tissues in?

1. Hypothyroidism

2. Cretinism

3. Myxoedema

4. Simple goitre

Q.

Small amount of iodine is added to common salt so that

1. Oedema is prevented

2. Common salt is utilised properly in the body

3. Occurrence of goitre is prevented

4. Kidney remains efficient in maintaining water balance

Q. Graves’ disease causes

1. underproduction of thyroid hormone.
2. overproduction of thyroid hormone.
3. underproduction of growth hormone.
4. overproduction of growth hormone.

Q. Failure of thyroid secretion from infancy leading to dwarfism and mental retardation is included under

1. myxoedema

2. cretinism

3. dwarfism

4. simple goitre

Q. How is the amount of urine produced regulated?

1. By ACTH (Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone)
2. By Anti Diuretic Hormone(ADH)
3. By ADH and regulation of blood volume
4. None of the above

Q. A 30-year-old woman reports to the clinic for a routine physical examination. The examination reveals she is pregnant. Her plasma levels of TSH are high, but her total thyroid hormone concentration is normal. Which of the following best reflects the patient’s clinical state?

1. Graves’ diseases
2. A hypothalamic tumour secreting thyrotropin- releasing hormone (TRH)
3. Hashimoto’s disease
4. A pituitary tumour secreting TSH

Q.

The deficiency of which hormone results in the health disorder that is characterised by the following?
(i) a low metabolic rate
(ii) increase in body weight
(iii) swelling of the face

1. Melatonin
2. Thyroxine
3. Calcitonin
4. MSH

Q. Graves’ disease causes

1. overproduction of thyroid hormone.
2. underproduction of thyroid hormone.
3. underproduction of growth hormone.
4. overproduction of growth hormone.

Q.

Which of the following conditions is not linked to deficiency of thyroid hormone?

(a) Cretinism

(b) Goitre

(c) Myxoedema

(d) Exophthalmia

Q.

Disease caused due to weakening of the ciliary muscles is called _____________ .

Q. The sketch given shows a certain condition in an individual:
(iii) Name two other conditions that could have resulted due to a similar cause.

Q.

What is micturating cystourethrogram?

Q. Which of the following body parts is primarily affected by the mumps virus?

1. Parotid salivary gland
2. Sublingual salivary gland
3. Submandibular salivary gland
4. Thyroid gland

Q. Graves’ disease causes

1. underproduction of thyroid hormone.
2. overproduction of thyroid hormone.
3. underproduction of growth hormone.
4. overproduction of growth hormone.