Red Muscle Fibre

Q.

Smooth muscles are______.

1. Voluntary, multinucleate, cylindrical

2. Involuntary, cylindrical, multinucleate

3. Voluntary, branched, uninucleate

4. Involuntary, spindle shaped, uninucleated, tapering

Q. The quaternary structure of human haemoglobin is a

1. homogenous dimer
2. homogenous tetramer
3. heterogenous dimer
4. heterogenous tetramer

Q. How does lactic acid accumulation cause muscle fatigue?

Q.

Match the following and select the correct option.

Column – I Column – ll

A. Fast muscle fibers (i) Myoglobin

B. Slow muscle fibers (ii) Lactic acid

C. Actin filament (iii) Contractile unit

D. Sarcomere (iv) l-band

1. A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(iv)

2. A-(i) B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(iii)

3. A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iv), D-(iii)

4. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(i)

Q. During skeletal muscle contractions following events can occur:
I. I-band shortens
II. A-band shortens
III. H-zone shortens
IV. Sarcomere contract
V. ATP changes to ADP and Pi
Choose the option with incorrect events.

1. Only I
2. Only III
3. IV and V
4. Only II

Q.

What are red fibres?

Q.

Match the following columns.

$\begin{array}{cc}\text{Column I}& \text{Column II}\\ A.\text{Fast muscle fibres}& 1.\text{Myoglobin}\\ B.\text{Slow muscle fibres}& 2.\text{Lactic acid}\\ C.\text{Actin filament}& 3.\text{Contractile unit}\\ D.\text{Sarcomere}& 4.I-band\end{array}$

Codes

A B C D

(a) 1 2 4 3

(b) 2 1 3 4

(c) 2 1 4 3

(d) 3 2 4 1

Q.

Myoglobin is

i.An iron- and oxygen-binding protein

ii. found mainly in muscle tissue.

iii. same as hemoglobin

iv. Myoglobin is a monomeric heme

1. only ii) is correct.

2. only i) and ii) are correct.

3. only i) and iii) are correct.

4. all statements are correct.

Q. Match the following
$\begin{array}{cc}\text{1) Striated Muscle}& \text{i. Thick filament}\\ \text{2) Red Muscle}& \text{ii. Thin filament}\\ \text{3) Troponin}& \text{iii. Voluntary}\\ \text{4) Myosin}& \text{iv. Myoglobin}\end{array}$

1. 1-ii, 2-iv, 3-i, 4-iii
2. 1-iii, 2-iv, 3-ii, 4-i
3. 1-iv, 2-iii, 3-i, 4-ii
4. 1-iii, 2-iv, 3-i, 4-ii

Q.

Slow twitch fibers have

1. Small diameter

2. Burst of power

3. More myoglobin

4. Fewer mitochondria

Q. Integral of:[|x|] limit from 1 to 2

Q. ATPase of the muscle is located in:

1. actinin
2. troponin
3. myosin
4. actin

Q. Which of the following is not true for red fibres?

1. They are also called aerobic muscles
2. High number of sarcoplasmic reticulum
3. Contains red, oxygen storing pigment
4. Large number of mitochondria

Q. The respiratory pigment present in the RBC of vertebrate blood is called

1. Haemoglobin
2. Haematin
3. Haematochrome
4. Erythrocyanin

Q. Source of $C{a}^{2+}$ for muscle contraction is both sarcoplasmic (endoplasmic) reticulum as well as extracellular fluid in case of
a. Skeletal muscles
b. Smooth muscles
c. cardiac muscles

1. a and c only
2. b and c only
3. a only
4. b only

Q.

Myoglobin is

i.An iron- and oxygen-binding protein

ii. found mainly in muscle tissue.

iii. same as hemoglobin

iv. Myoglobin is a monomeric heme

1. only ii) is correct.

2. i) and ii) are correct.

3. i), ii) and iv) are correct.

4. all statements are correct.

Q. State whether the following statements are true or false.
H-zone of striated muscle fibre represents both thick and thin filaments.

1. True
2. False

Q.

Lance Armstrong is a seven-time winner of Tour de France, which is a bicycle race that covers between 3500 to 4000 kilometers. What type of muscle fiber probably predominates in the legs of bicyclists, who compete in this annual event?

1. Red fibers

2. White fibers

3. Intermediate fibers

4. Inelastic fibers

Q. Which of the following is not true for red fibres?

1. Contains red, oxygen storing pigment
2. Large number of mitochondria
3. They are also called aerobic muscles
4. High number of sarcoplasmic reticulum

Q. State whether the following statements are true or false.
Cross bridges pull the actin chain as the myosin heads return to their unenergized conformation.

1. True
2. False

Q. ........... element is common in haemoglobin and myoglobin.

1. Fe
2. Cu
3. Mn
4. Mg

Q. In mammalian RBC, the percentage of haemoglobin is

1. 90% of biomass
2. 40% of biomass
3. 50% of biomass
4. 34% of biomass

Q. Human RBC has

1. A nucleus
2. No nucleus
3. More than one nucleus
4. None of the above

Q. Myoglobin is present in.

1. all muscle fibres
2. white muscle fibres
3. red muscle fibres
4. none of these

Q. What do you mean by haemoglobin?

Q.

Lance Armstrong is a seven-time winner of Tour de France, which is a bicycle race that covers between 3500 to 4000 kilometers. What type of muscle fiber probably predominates in the legs of bicyclists, who compete in this annual event?

1. Red fibers

2. Inelastic fibers

3. Intermediate fibers

4. White fibers

Q. Which of the following proteins has an impact on the regulation of internal movements?

1. All of the above
2. Actin
3. Tropomyosin
4. Myosin

Q. In mammals, including humans, nitric oxide (NO) is an important cellular signaling molecule involved in many physiological processes. Research into its function led to the 1998 Nobel Prize for discovering its role in cardiovascular function. One specific role of nitric oxide in cardiac function is the dilation of blood vessels, a process called vasodilation. Vasodilation of the arteries lowers blood pressure and decreases the force that the heart muscle needs to exert to pump blood.
The cell signaling mechanism begins when NO diffuses into the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessel and activates guanylate cyclase which, in turn, stimulates the guanylate cyclase to generate cyclic GMP (guanosine monophosphate) from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). Protein Kinase G phosphorylates several proteins that regulate calcium concentrations and, in this case, causes alterations in thin and thick muscle filaments that results in smooth muscle relaxation. This signaling mechanism is illustrated below:
Research published by Gustafsson, Persson, and Moncada (1990) found that Nitric oxide production in the lungs decreases immediately under acute hypoxia (low oxygen), which causes the pulmonary blood vessels to constrict. This, in turn, limits oxygen delivery to the lungs, heart, red blood cells and mitochondria. A study published in the journal Nature (Beall, Laskowski, Strohl, Soria, Villena, Vargas, Alarcon, Gonzales & Erzurum, 2001) examined chronically hypoxic, high altitude populations of Tibetans and Bolivian Aymara, two countries almost halfway across the world from one other, and found that exhaled levels of nitric oxide were unusually high relative to a low-altitude reference sample from the United States.
Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable in the Nature study described above. Also, identify what a likely control might be.

1. The independent variable is altitude and the dependent variable is nitric oxide levels in lungs. The control is the sea-level altitude populations from regions nearest to each of the two populations in the study.
2. The independent variable is nitric oxide levels in lungs and the dependent variable is altitude. The control is sea-level altitude populations from regions nearest to each of the two populations in the study
3. The independent variable is nitric oxide levels in lungs and the dependent variable is the low-altitude population from the United States. The control is high-altitude populations.
4. The independent variable is low-altitude populations from the United States and the dependent variable is nitric oxide levels in lungs. The control is high-altitude populations.

Q. Which one of the following substances in the blood in man imparts the oxygen carrying capacity to it?

1. Haemocyanin
2. Sodium ions
3. Haemoglobin
4. Haemoerythrin

Q. Immediate source of energy for muscle contraction is

1. Glucose
2. Creatine phosphate
3. ATP
4. GTP