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Question

The decreasing order of relative stability of +1 oxidation state of group 13 elements is


A

Al<Ga<In<Tl

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B

Al<Ga<Tl<In

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C

Ga<Al<In<Tl

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D

Tl<In<Ga<Al

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Solution

The correct option is A

Al<Ga<In<Tl


Oxidation state: The oxidation state, also known as the oxidation number, is the hypothetical charge of an atom if all of its connections to other atoms were entirely ionic.

Inert pair effect:

  • The inert-pair effect is the tendency of the two electrons at the outermost atomic s-orbital in post-transition metal compounds to stay unshared.
  • The inert pair effect is caused by a drop in bond energies as one moves down a group.
  • The ns electrons do not get much more inert (lower in energy) as one lowers the periodic table groups.
  • As we move down the group, the inert pair effect becomes stronger due to an increase in atomic size.
  • As a result, the greatest oxidation state's stability drops while the lowest oxidation state's stability improves.
  • In the 13th group, the decreasing order of relative stability of the +1 oxidation state is
  • Aluminium(Al) <Gallium(Ga) < Indium(In) < Thallium (Tl).

Thus, the correct option is (a).


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