To find a quantity which is the lowest common multiple of different quantities, we find the LCM.
Multiples of 12 are 12, 24, 36, 48, ……
Multiples of 8 are 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, ……
The lowest common multiple is 24. So, the least number of pens and markers that Pal should buy is 24 (2 packets of pens in which each packet contains 12 pens and 3 packets of markers in which each packet contains 8 markers)