All vertebrates have a ……………..circulatory system.

Vertebrates:

1. The organisms that possess a well-developed vertebral column/ backbone are vertebrates.
2. The circulatory system is a closed type.
3. The heart is divided into chambers that do not allow the mixing of blood.
4. Blood pumped by the heart reaches all parts of the body within a closed pipe-like network of blood vessels.
5. Example: humans, dogs, frogs, crocodiles, sparrows, etc.

Final answer: All vertebrates have a closed circulatory system.