Asexual reproduction in which an organism breaks into two or more parts.

The correct option is C

Fragmentation

The correct answer is option (C)

Explanation of the correct option:

1. Asexual reproduction is defined as the type of reproduction that occurs without the fusion of gametes.
2. Fragmentation is defined as the type of asexual reproduction in which the breaking of the parent organism takes place to give rise to the new plants.
3. Filamentous green alga Spirogyra, reproduces by this method and spreads over large areas of the pond over a short period of time.

Explanation of the incorrect options:

Option (A):

1. Binary fission is the process by which two daughter cells of roughly equal size are formed by the splitting of the parent cell.
2. It is commonly seen in unicellular organisms like bacteria and algae.

Option (B):

1. Budding is defined as a type of asexual reproduction in which a small part of the parent plant grows into an outgrowth known as the ‘bud’.
2. After growing in size, the bud detaches from the parent plant and gives rise to a new plant.

Option (D):

1. Vegetative propagation is the process of asexual reproduction by which new plants are produced from the vegetative parts of the plants.
2. The vegetative parts of the plants include stems, leaves, roots, etc.

Final answer: Asexual reproduction in which an organism breaks into two or more parts is fragmentation.