Define exothermic and endothermic reactions. Give two examples of each.

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Solution

Exothermic reactions: The chemical reaction in which heat is given out is called exothermic reactions.
It causes rise in temperature. .
e.g. (i) When carbon bums in oxygen to form carbon dioxide, a lot of heat is produced.
$C + O 2 \to C O 2$ + heat.
When water is added to quicklime a lot of heat is produced which boils the water.
$C a O + H_{2} O \to C a (O H)_{2} + H e a t$
Endothermic reaction: A chemical reaction in which heat is absorbed is called endothermic reaction. It
causes fall in temperature.
e.g. (i) When nitrogen and oxygen together are heated to a temperature of about 3000°C, nitric oxide
gas is formed. $N_{2} + O_{2} + h e a t \to 2 N O (g)$
(ii) Decomposition of calcium carbonate into carbon dioxide and calcium oxide when heated to a
1000°C.
$C a C O_{3} + h e a t \to C a O (s) + C O_{2} (g)$

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