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Question

Derive the relationship between relative lowering of vapour pressure and molar mass of solute.

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Solution

The expression for the relative lowering of vapour pressure is ΔPP0=P0PP0=X2.....(1)
Here, ΔPP0 and P0PP0 represents relative lowering of vapour pressure and X2 represents mole fraction of solute.
But the mole fraction of solute
X2=n2n1+n2=W2M2W2M2+W1M1.....(2)
Here, W1 and M1 are the mass and molar masses of solvent and W2 and M2 are the mass and molar masses of solute. n1 and n2 are the number of moles of solute and solvent respectively.
For dilute solutions n1>>n2
So n2 may be neglected in comparison with n1.
Hence, equation (2) becomes
X2=n2n1=W2M2W1M1.....(3)
From equation (1) and equation (3)
ΔPP0=P0PP0=W2M2W1M1
This gives the relationship between relative lowering of vapour pressure and molar mass of solute.

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