Differentiate between the following pairs of terms :

(a) Bowman's capsule and Malpighian capsule.

(b) Renal cortex and renal medulla.

(c) Renal pelvis and renal papilla.

(d) Urea and urine.

(e) Excretion and Catabolism.

(a)Bowman’s capsule is a thin-walled cup containing the glomerulus. This Bowman’s capsule along with the glomerulus is known as the Malpighian capsule.

(b) The renal cortex is the outer darker region of the kidney whereas the renal medulla is the inner lighter region of the kidney.

(c)The renal pelvis is the expanded front end of the ureter in the kidney whereas the renal papilla is the apex of the renal pyramid which projects into the pelvis.

(d)Urea is the chief excretory product which is excreted in the form of urine whereas urine is the filtrate left after reabsorption and tubular secretion which contains 95% water and 5% solid wastes.

(e)Excretion is the process of removal of chemical wastes especially nitrogenous wastes from the body.
Catabolism, on the other hand, is the set of metabolic pathways which break down molecules into smaller units and release energy.