Differentiate
the following and give examples of each:
(a)
Innate and acquired immunity
(b)
Active and passive immunity
Differentiate the following and give examples of each:
(a) Innate and acquired immunity
(b) Active and passive immunity
(a) Innate
and acquired immunity
-
Innate immunity
Acquired immunity
1.
It is a non−pathogen
specific type of defense mechanism.
1.
It is a pathogen specific type
of defense mechanism.
2.
It is inherited from parents and
protects the individual since birth.
2.
It is acquired after the birth
of an individual.
3.
It operates by providing
barriers against the entry of foreign infectious agents.
3.
It operates by producing primary
and secondary responses, which are mediated by B−lymphocytes
and T-lymphocytes.
4
It does not have a specific
memory.
4
It is characterized by an
immunological memory.
(b) Active
and passive immunity
-
Active immunity
Passive immunity
1.
It is a type of acquired
immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against
disease-causing antigens.
1.
It is a type of acquired
immunity in which readymade antibodies are transferred from one
individual to another.
2.
It has a long lasting effect.
2.
It does not have long lasting
effect.
3.
It is slow. It takes time in
producing antibodies and giving responses.
3.
It is fast. It provides
immediate relief.
4.
Injecting microbes through
vaccination inside the body is an example of active immunity.
4.
Transfer of antibodies present
in the mother’s milk to the infant is an example of passive
immunity.
(a) Innate and acquired immunity
-
Innate immunity
Acquired immunity
1.
It is a non−pathogen specific type of defense mechanism.
1.
It is a pathogen specific type of defense mechanism.
2.
It is inherited from parents and protects the individual since birth.
2.
It is acquired after the birth of an individual.
3.
It operates by providing barriers against the entry of foreign infectious agents.
3.
It operates by producing primary and secondary responses, which are mediated by B−lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes.
4
It does not have a specific memory.
4
It is characterized by an immunological memory.
(b) Active and passive immunity
-
Active immunity
Passive immunity
1.
It is a type of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against disease-causing antigens.
1.
It is a type of acquired immunity in which readymade antibodies are transferred from one individual to another.
2.
It has a long lasting effect.
2.
It does not have long lasting effect.
3.
It is slow. It takes time in producing antibodies and giving responses.
3.
It is fast. It provides immediate relief.
4.
Injecting microbes through vaccination inside the body is an example of active immunity.
4.
Transfer of antibodies present in the mother’s milk to the infant is an example of passive immunity.
