Discuss the causes and effects of global warming. What measures need to be taken to control global warming ?

Global warming:

Long term rise in temperature of the Earth's surface is called global warming.

Causes:

1. Increase in the atmospheric levels of gases $(C{O}_2,C{H}_4,N{O}_2,etc.)$ due to extensive burning of fossil fuels.
   
2. Accumulation of these gases in higher concentration does not allow the Earth's heat to escape in the outer atmosphere, thus leading to increase in its surface temperature.

Effects:

1. Temperature of the lower atmosphere rises.
2. Ocean water gets heated and expands.
3. Low coastal areas will get flooded.
4. Regional patterns or precipitation (rain and snow) will be affected.
   
5. Glaciers and polar ice sheets will melt faster.

Measures to be taken to control global warming:

1. Reduce usage of fossil fuels.
   
2. Control release fo greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
3. Reforestation to fix $C{O}_2$ and $N{O}_2$.
   
4. Control in human population growth.