Explain effective nuclear charge & shielding effect & Factor on which shielding effect depends.

Q.

How to calculate effective nuclear charge and shielding constant for d and f block elements

Please explain with example

Q. The phenomenon in which penultimate shell electrons act as screen or shield in between nucleus and valence shell electrons and thereby reducing nuclear charge is known as shielding effect. The penultimate shell electrons repel the valence shell electron to keep them loosely held with the nucleus. It is thus evident that more is the shielding effect, lesser is the effective nuclear charge and lesser is the ionization energy.

Q. Which property of an element is most dependent on the shielding effect ?

Q. The magnitude of shielding effect is dependent on_______.