Explain the condition of albinism.

Albinism:

1. Albinism is an autosomal recessive disorder in which we observe pigmentation in skin, eyes, and hair.
2. This is caused due to mutation of a gene that codes for an enzyme that is responsible for the conversion of Tyrosine to Melanin; the type and amount of melanin produced in our body determine the color of skin, eyes, and hair, it also helps in the development of optic nerve.
3. Hence defect in melanin production causes defects in skin, hair, and eye color.
4. Albinism is an example of pleiotropy i.e. caused by a single gene mutation but will show multiple phenotypic effects.