Question 24
Give an example each for the mixture having the following characteristics. Suggest a suitable method to separate the components of these mixtures.
(a) A volatile and a non-volatile component.
(b) Two volatile components with an appreciable difference in boiling points.
(c) Two immiscible liquids.
(d) One of the components changes directly from solid to gaseous state.
(e) Two or more coloured constituents soluble in some solvent.

(a) Example: Mixture of acetone and water.
Method: Simple distillation can be used to separate a mixture of volatile and non-volatile components.

(b) Example: Mixture of kerosene and petrol.
Method: Simple distillation can be used to separate two volatile components with an appreciable difference in boiling points.

(c) Example: Mixture of mustard oil and water.
Method: Separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of immiscible liquids.

(d) Example: Mixture of ammonium chloride and common salt.
Method: Sublimation can be used to separate the mixture in which one component changes directly from solid to gas.

(d) Example: A mixture of different pigments from an extract of flower petals.
Method: Chromatography method can be used to separate two different substances present in the same solution.