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Question

Give reasons:
(i) Mn shows the highest oxidation state of +7 with oxygen but with fluorine it shows the highest oxidation state of +4 .
(ii) Transition metals show variable oxidation states.
(iii) Actinoids show irregularities in their electronic configurations.

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Solution

(i) Mn do not show +7 oxidation with fluorine as it does not have the ability to form multiple bonds with Mn. If seven fluorine atoms are attracted to Mn, then δ+ at Mn will be too high and compound will be unstable.
(ii) Transition metal when forms compounds, the electrons present in ns and (n1)d orbitals can participate in bonding due to almost similar energies.
(iii) Because the energy difference between 5f,6d and 7s subshell of the actinoids is very small due to Actinoids contraction hence electrons could be accommodated in any of them.

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