Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is influenced by gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, genetic recombination and

The correct option is D Natural selection
Evolution is a gradual process in which organisms change over a period of time.

Limiting factors constrains the population size.

Overproduction occurs when there are more individuals than the resources available to support them.

Natural selection favours the selection of beneficial genes and thereby changes the gene frequency. Thus natural selection cause change in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Hence the correct option is
d. Natural selection