How do biotic and abiotic factors affect crop production?

Biotic factors:

1. Biotic factors include living organisms or living factors present in an ecosystem.

Abiotic factors:

1. Abiotic components are the non-living components of an ecosystem, such as water, heat, air, etc.

Crop production is affected by biotic and abiotic factors:

1. Pests, insects, nematodes, diseases caused by pathogens, all biotic variables, have the potential to reduce the net productivity of a crop.
2. A pest feeds on crops, causing damage to agriculture by cutting various parts of plants or sucking cell sap, or boring.
3. Weeds, another biotic factor, also lower agricultural output by competing for nutrients, light, and space with the primary crop.
4. Abiotic variables are natural elements that reduce agricultural productivity, such as temperature, salinity, and waterlogging.
5. Because different crops require different climatic conditions to develop and improper conditions might reduce crop productivity.
6. Natural disasters such as droughts and floods might be unpredictable.
7. Their emergence has a significant influence on crops, often resulting in the complete destruction of the crop.