How do you convert Benzaldehyde to Benzophenone?

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Solution

Conversion of Benzaldehyde to Benzophenone:
Step 1: Formation of Benzoic acid
Benzaldehyde is treated with a strong oxidizing agent Potassium permanganate ${KMnO}_{4}$ to oxidize it to form Benzoic acid.
Step 2: Fomation of Benzene
The Benzoic acid formed is then treated with Sodium hydroxide $(NaOH)$ and Calcium oxide $(CaO)$ in the presence of heat to form Benzene.
The reaction is known as the decarboxylation reaction.
Step 3: Formation of Benzophenone
In the last step, Benzene is reacted with Benzoyl chloride in presence of Aluminium chloride $({AlCl}_{3})$ to form Benzophenone.
This reaction is also called Friedel-Crafts acylation.
This conversion of Benzaldehyde to Benzophenone is a 3 step reaction.

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