How does the transmission of each of the following diseases take place ?

(a) Amoebiasis

(b) Malaria

(c) Ascariasis

(d) Pneumonia

a) Amoebiasis: By ingesting quadrinucleated cysts of Entamoeba histolytica with food and water. The cysts are carried from the faeces of the patient to food and water.

(b) Malaria: Plasmodium (malarial parasite) is transmitted from the patient to a healthy person when bitten by a female Anopheles mosquito.

(c) Ascariasis: The disease is transmitted by ingesting contaminated food and water with embryonated eggs of Ascaris.

(d) Pneumonia: It is a bacterial disease which is transmitted by the sputum and droplets released during coughing of the patient.