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Question

How is ammonia manufactures industrially?

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Solution

Ammonia is manufactured industrially by Haber's process from nitrogen and hydrogen.

N2(g)+3H2(g)Fe2O3/K2O and Al2O3700 K, 200 atm2NH3(g)ΔfHo=46.1kJmol1

According to Le-Chatelier's principle, high pressure would favour the production of ammonia. Optimum conditions for production of NH3 are

1. Temperature ~700 K

2. Pressure -200× 105 Pa (or 200 atm)

3. Catalyst- Fe2O3

4. Promotor - K2O and Al2O3

Note Earlier Fe was used as catalyst with molybdenum.


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