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Question

How will you distinguish between Ammonium hydroxide and Sodium hydroxide solution using Copper sulphate solution?


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Solution

Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH)Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
1. Adding NH4OH to CuSO4 solution produces a pale blue precipitate.1. Adding NaOH to CuSO4 solution produces a bluish white precipitate.
2. This pale blue ppt. is soluble in excess of NH4OH and turns the solution to deep blue. 2. This bluish white ppt. is insoluble in excess of NaOH.
3. CuSO4(s)+2NH4OH(l)Cu(OH)2(aq)+(NH4)2SO4(aq)CopperSulphate+AmmoniumhydroxideCopperhydroxide+Ammoniumsulphate(paleblueppt.)CuSO4(aq)+2NaOH(aq)Cu(OH)2(s)+Na2SO4(aq)CopperSulphate+SodiumhydroxideCopperhydroxide+Sodiumsulphate(Bluishwhiteppt.)
4. Cu(OH)2(aq)+2NH4OH(l)+(NH4)2SO4(aq)[Cu(NH3)4]SO4(aq)+4H2O(l)Copperhydroxide+Ammoniumhydroxide+AmmoniumsulphateTetraamminecopper(II)sulphate+water.(deepblueppt.)

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