In some plants, the female gamete develops into an embryo without fertilization. This phenomenon is known as

The correct option is D

Parthenogenesis

The correct option is D.

Explanation of the correct option:

1. Parthenogenesis is commonly referred to as an asexual form of reproduction; however, because offsprings of parthenogenetic species develop from gametes, it is more appropriately described as an "incomplete form of sexual reproduction."
2. Meiosis (or reduction division) is a process in which a specialized cell with a (diploid) double set of chromosomes undergoes two nucleus fissions, resulting in gametes.
3. Meiosis produces four haploid gametes, or sex cells, each of which has half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.

Explanation of the incorrect option:

Option A:

1. The merger of male and female gametes (sex cells) produced by the same individual is known as self-fertilization.
2. Bisexual species, such as most flowering plants, many protozoans, and many invertebrates, are capable of self-fertilization.
3. In unicellular creatures like the protozoan Paramecium, autogamy, or the creation of gametes through the division of a single parent cell, is common.

Option B:
The ability to produce fruits without pollination is known as parthenocarpy (apomixis excluded).
Option C:

1. The fusion of gametes to start the formation of a new individual organism is known as syngamy.
2. Sexual reproduction is the process of fertilization and the creation of new individuals.
   

Final answer: In some plants, the female gamete develops into an embryo without fertilization. This phenomenon is known as parthenogenesis.