Ivan Pavlov used to ring a bell every time he fed a dog. On smelling the food, the dog produced saliva. Later on, the dog produced saliva when the bell was rung even without noticing the food. In this case, what is the stimulus that creates a conditioned response?

Q. Pavlov showed that dogs could be ___________ to salivate at the sound of a bell if that sound was repeatedly presented at the same time that they were given food.

Q. In a famous experiment at the IISC campus, when a cat smelled milk, it salivated. In the experiment, a bell was rung whenever food was placed near the cat. After a number of trials, only the bell was rung, whereupon the cat would salivate even though no food was present. Such behaviour has been observed in other animals such as dogs, monkeys, etc. and is a vital input for training domesticated animals.
Which of the following conclusions may be drawn from the above experiment?

Q. A dog salivating when it hears a bell is a natural response.

Q. One day, Robin takes a can of dog food to feed stray dogs. A single can feeds eight puppies or four dogs.
Seeing so many dogs, he thinks of bringing more cans the next day.
So, the next day Robin takes eight cans of food. He feeds a total of forty puppies and a few dogs.
How many dogs does he feed?

Q. Pavlov used dog to investigate .......... behaviour.