Read the following statements and find out the incorrect statement.
a. In plants, growth and differentiation both are open, i.e., it is indeterminate.

b. The final structure at maturity of a cell or tissue is also determined by the location of the cell within.

c. Cell positioned away from root apical meristems mature as epidermis, while those pushed to the periphery differentiate as root cap cells.

d. Environmental signals such as light, temperature and gravity also affect certain phases or stages of growth.

e. Intrinsic factors include both intercellular (genetic) or intracellular factors (chemicals such as plant growth regulators) while the extrinsic factors include light, temperature, water, oxygen, nutrition etc.

1. c and e
2. c and a
3. a and e
4. b and d

The correct option is A c and e
$\text{Statement c}$
Actively dividing meristematic cells divide and differentiate into cells with specific functions by the process called differentiation. The final structure and function of the cells are dependent on a number of factors, among which one of the factors is the location of the cell.



For instance, differentiation of root apical meristems form root cap cells from those cells positioned away while those present at periphery form epidermal cells.
Hence, the given statement is incorrect.

$\text{Statement e}$

There are various factors which affect plant growth and development. These factors can be classified into two types: Intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors.

Extrinsic factors include various environmental factors affecting plant growth and development. This include-

• Light
• Water
• Nutrition
• Oxygen
• Temperature

Intrinsic factors can be classified into two types-

• Intracellular factors: This includes various genetic factors affecting plant growth and development.
• Intercellular factors: This includes various phytohormones affecting plant growth and development.

Since the given statement mentions intracellular factors as plant growth regulators related factors and intercellular factors as genetic factors, the given statement is incorrect.