The introduction of t-DNA into plants involves

The correct option is B

Infection of the plant by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

The correct option is B

Explanation of the correct option:

1. By randomly migrating from one chromosomal place to another, this t-DNA with the desired DNA spliced into it gets inserted into the chromosomes of the host plant, where it generates copies of itself.
2. Following cultivation, these plant cells are encouraged to divide and differentiate to become plantlets.
3. By transferring t-DNA from bacterial cells into host plant cells via a bacterial type IV secretion system, the soil phytopathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens infects plant wound sites naturally and produces crown gall disease (T4SS).

Explanation of the incorrect option:

Option A:

Biotic and abiotic conditions have no relevance to t-DNA.

Option C:

Biotic and abiotic conditions have no relevance to t-DNA.

It won't give any effect on the transformation process.

Option D:

There is no relation between the pH of the soil with t-DNA in the transformation process.

Final answer: The introduction of t-DNA into plants involves infection of the plant by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.