What are $4$ major components found on a cloning vector?

Cloning vector:

A cloning vector is a genome that can accept target DNA and multiply by its own autonomous replication.

$4$ major components of cloning vector:

Original of replication:

1. This is the sequence from which replication begins and when attached to this sequence any part of the DNA can be created to replicate within the host cells.
2. This sequence is also responsible for controlling the copy number of linked DNA.

Selectable markers:

1. It will help identify and eliminate non-transformations and selectively allow the development of transformations.
2. In general, genes encoding resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, or kanamycin are considered useful selective markers for E. coli.

Cloning Sites:

1. Bonding of alien DNA is carried out at a restricted site present in one of the two antibiotic-resistant genes.
2. Recombinant plasmids will lose tetracycline resistance due to foreign DNA insertion.
3. Transformers can be selected from non-transformers by growing bacteria on a medium containing ampicillin.
4. Recombinants will grow in a medium containing ampicillin but not in a medium containing tetracycline.

Vector size:

1. Should be small as large molecules tend to break down during refining.