What are five types of salts? Explain with examples.
(1) Normal Salts – The salts which are obtained by complete replacement of the ionisable hydrogen atoms or hydroxyl ion by a metallic or an ammonium ion are called normal salts.
Example – \(\text{HCl} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{NaCl} + \text{H}_{2}\text{O}\)
(2) Acidic Salts – The salts which are obtained by the partial replacement of ionisable hydrogen atoms of a polybasic acid by a metal or an ammonium ion are called Acid Salts.
Example- \(\text{H}_{2}\text{SO}_{4} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{NaHSO}_{4} + \text{H}_{2}\text{O}\)
(3) Basic Salt – The salt which are formed by partial replacement of hydroxyl (–OH) groups of a polyacidic base by an acid radial are called basic salts.
Example- \(\text{Pb(OH)}_{2} +\text{ HCl} \rightarrow \text{Pb(OH)Cl} + \text{H}_2\text{O}\)
(4) Double salt – The salt which are obtained by the crystallisation of two simple salts, from a mixture of their saturated salt solutions are known as double salts.
Example- \(\text{K}_{2}\text{SO}_{4} + \text{Al}_{2}(\text{SO}_{4})_{3} + 24 \text{H}_{2}\text{O}\rightarrow \text{K}_{2}\text{SO}_{4}\text{Al}_{2} (\text{SO}_{4})_{3}.24\text{H}_{2}\text{O}\)
(5) Mixed Salt – The salts containing more than one cations or anions other than H+ or OH– ions are called mixed salts.
Example- \(\text{CaOCl}_2\) contains two anions \(\text{Cl}^{-}\) and \(\text{OCl}^{-}\)
Example – \(\text{HCl} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{NaCl} + \text{H}_{2}\text{O}\)
(2) Acidic Salts – The salts which are obtained by the partial replacement of ionisable hydrogen atoms of a polybasic acid by a metal or an ammonium ion are called Acid Salts.
Example- \(\text{H}_{2}\text{SO}_{4} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{NaHSO}_{4} + \text{H}_{2}\text{O}\)
(3) Basic Salt – The salt which are formed by partial replacement of hydroxyl (–OH) groups of a polyacidic base by an acid radial are called basic salts.
Example- \(\text{Pb(OH)}_{2} +\text{ HCl} \rightarrow \text{Pb(OH)Cl} + \text{H}_2\text{O}\)
(4) Double salt – The salt which are obtained by the crystallisation of two simple salts, from a mixture of their saturated salt solutions are known as double salts.
Example- \(\text{K}_{2}\text{SO}_{4} + \text{Al}_{2}(\text{SO}_{4})_{3} + 24 \text{H}_{2}\text{O}\rightarrow \text{K}_{2}\text{SO}_{4}\text{Al}_{2} (\text{SO}_{4})_{3}.24\text{H}_{2}\text{O}\)
(5) Mixed Salt – The salts containing more than one cations or anions other than H+ or OH– ions are called mixed salts.
Example- \(\text{CaOCl}_2\) contains two anions \(\text{Cl}^{-}\) and \(\text{OCl}^{-}\)
