What are the major causes of species losses in a geographical region?

The major causes of species losses in a geographical region are:
(i) Habitat loss and fragmentation
(ii) Over-exploitation of natural resources.
(iii) Alien species invasions can cause decline or extinction of indigenous species.
(iv) Co-extinctions When a species becomes extinct, the plant and animal species associated with it, in an obligatory way, also become extinct.