What are vestigial organs? Name two vestigial organs found in human body to explain vestigial organ. [3 MARKS]

Definition: 1 Mark
Example: 1 Mark each

1. For an organ to be vestigial, it has to be of reduced function compared to the homologous organ in related species. Note that a vestigial organ does not have to be entirely useless to qualify.

2. The appendix is the most commonly mentioned example of vestigial organ. It seems to have a very small role in the immune system and in maintaining the bacteria in the GI tract.

3. Humans still have muscles which control their ears, even though most people can't use them. Others include nictitating membrane in the corner of the eye and goosebumps on skin.