What happens when an acid reacts with a base? Explain by taking the example of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. Give equation of the chemical reaction which takes place. What is the special name of such a reaction?

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Solution

When an acid reacts with a base, it nullifies the effect of the base. Such a reaction between an acid and a base to give a salt and water is known as a neutralisation reaction.

The reaction can be represented as given below.
Acid + Base → Salt + Water

For example, when sodium hydroxide is treated with hydrochloric acid, the following reaction takes place,
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → H₂O(aq) + NaCl(aq)

This kind of reaction is called a 'neutralisation reaction'.

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