What happens when carbon dioxide gas is passed through lime water for a sufficient time?

1. Lime water is Calcium hydroxide(Ca(OH)₂).
2. When Calcium hydroxide is passed through carbon dioxide, it turns milky due to the production of Calcium carbonate.
3. When excess Carbon dioxide is passed through lime water, the calcium carbonate gets converted to Calcium hydrogen carbonate which removes the milkiness and gives a clear solution.
4. The chemical equation for this reaction can be written as,
   • $$\begin{gathered} \mathrm{Ca}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)+{\mathrm{CO}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right)\to {\mathrm{CaCO}}_3\left(\mathrm{s}\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right) \\ \mathrm{Lime}\mathrm{water}\mathrm{Carbon}\mathrm{Calcium}\mathrm{Water} \\ \mathrm{dioxide}\mathrm{carbonate} \\ \left(\mathrm{white}\mathrm{precipitate}\right) \end{gathered}$$
   • $$\begin{gathered} {\mathrm{CaCO}}_3\left(\mathrm{s}\right)+{\mathrm{CO}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right)\to \mathrm{Ca}{\left({\mathrm{HCO}}_3\right)}_2\left(\mathrm{aq}\right) \\ \mathrm{Calcium}\mathrm{Carbon}\mathrm{Calcium}\mathrm{hydrogencarbonate} \\ \mathrm{carbonate}\mathrm{dioxide}\left(\mathrm{water}\mathrm{soluble}-\mathrm{clear}\mathrm{solution}\right) \end{gathered}$$