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Question

What is a complex tissue? Write the structure of any one complex tissue.


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Solution

Complex tissue:

  • It is a type of tissue that is formed of multiple types of cells instead of only one type.
  • These multiple type of cells are dedicated to only one role as a whole system.
  • In plants, there are two such complex tissues; the xylem and phloem, which are together known as the vascular system.

Xylem;

  • It is the main water conducting system in plants.
  • It is prevalent in all parts and organs of the plant and acts as a water supplying system.
  • It takes up water from the roots and distributes it all over the plant corners.
  • The xylem is made up of four types of cells;
  1. Xylem tracheids:
  • It is made up of dead and empty cells.
  • These cells are narrow and long with tapering ends.
  • They provide the xylem with mechanical strength.

2. Xylem vessels;

  • They are long tubes formed by the joining of multiple cells end to end.
  • They act as water supplying pipes.

3. Xylem parenchyma:

  • It is composed of live parenchyma cells.
  • It stores starch, oil and some waste substances.

4. Xylem fibers:

  • It is made up of sclerenchyma cells.
  • It adds to the mechanical strength of the plants.

Phloem :

  • It acts as the main food transporting system.
  • It trans locates food from leaves to all the other cells and tissues of the plant.
  • It works in multiple directions.

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