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Question

What is inert pair effect? Explain with an example.


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Solution

Inert pair effect:

  • “The occurrence of oxidation states two-unit less than the group oxidation states are sometimes attributed to the inert pair effect.”
  • The inert pair effect is the reluctance of 's' electrons for participating in bonding.

Example:

  • Aluminum exhibits +3 oxidation state. With heavier elements, +1 oxidation state gets progressively stabilized on going down the group. This is a consequence of the so-called inert pair effect.

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