What is the importance of Hardy Weinberg equation?

Hardy Weinberg equation:

1. It is a mathematical equation that is used to calculate the population's genetic variation at equilibrium.
2. The Hardy Weinberg equation is: $p^2+2pq+q^2=1$
3. Here, $p^2$ is the dominant homozygous frequency, $2pq$ is the heterozygous frequency and $q^2$ is the recessive homozygous frequency.

Importance:

1. For populations in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the equation connects allele frequencies to genotype frequencies.
2. This equation allows us to compare a population's genetic structure in reality over time to the expected genetic structure if the population were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.