What is the principle of fermentation?

Fermentation:

1. The metabolic process by which the skeletal muscles of humans, bacteria, and yeast produce energy (ATP) in the absence of oxygen.
2. Fermentation is divided into ethanol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.
3. In ethanol fermentation (yeasts and some bacteria) the end product of glycolysis is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
4. In lactic acid fermentation (skeletal muscles) the end product of glycolysis is converted to lactic acid.

Principle of fermentation:

1. Fermentation is based on the principle of Anaerobic respiration for deriving energy from the breakdown of carbohydrates such as glucose.
2. In this process, glucose is first broken to pyruvate by glycolysis.
3. The pyruvate is then converted to alcohol or lactic acid along with the regeneration of NAD⁺
4. This process of anaerobic respiration produces only 5% of the energy obtained by aerobic respiration.