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Question

What is valency and valence electron? Give valency of Sodium,Magnesium,Aluminium,Chlorine,OxygenandNitrogen.


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Solution

Valency:

  • The capacity with which an atom of an element combines chemically with the atom(s) of another element is called the combining capacity or valency of the element.

Valence electron:

  • Electrons in the outer shells that are not filled are called valence electrons.
  • Valence is the number of electrons an atom must lose or gain to attain the nearest noble gas or inert gas electronic configuration.

The valency of an atom:

  • It is described by the total number of electrons lost, gained, or shared to complete its octet.
  • Valency of Sodium(Na) is+1, As it loses 1 valence electron for the bond formation.
  • Valency of Magnesium(Mg) is+2, As it loses 2 valence electron for the bond formation.
  • Valency of Aluminium(Al)is+3, As it loses 3 valence electron for the bond formation.
  • Valency of Chlorine(Cl) is-1, As it gains 1 electron in its valence shell for the bond formation.
  • Valency of Oxygen(O) is-2, As it gains 2 electron in its valence shell for the bond formation.
  • Valency of Nitrogen(N) is-3, As it gains 3 electron in its valence shell for the bond formation.

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