What is valency? Discuss the classification of elements based on the valency.

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Solution

Valency: Valency is defined as the combining capacity of an element with another atom to form a chemical bond.
If the valence electrons of an element are equal to 1,2, or 3 then valency equals the number of valence electrons.
If the element has valence electrons 4,5,6, or 7, then valency is equal to the number of electrons to be added to complete the octet. (valency = 8 - valence electrons)
Nobel gases has the octet configuration, which means they have 8 valence electrons. For noble gas valency is zero.
Monovalent: An atom, ion, or chemical group with a valency of one, which thus can form one covalent bond is called monovalent.
For examples, $Hydrogen, Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Chlorine (Cl) e . t . c$
Divalent: An atom, ion, or chemical group with a valency of two, which thus can form two covalent bonds is called divalent.
For example, $Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Oxygen (O) e . t . c .$
Trivalent: An atom, ion, or chemical group with a valency of two, which thus can form two covalent bonds is called trivalent.
For examples, $Aluminium (Al), Nitrogen (N) e . t . c .$

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