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Question

What is valency? Discuss the classification of elements based on the valency.


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Solution

Valency: Valency is defined as the combining capacity of an element with another atom to form a chemical bond.

  • If the valence electrons of an element are equal to 1,2, or 3 then valency equals the number of valence electrons.
  • If the element has valence electrons 4,5,6, or 7, then valency is equal to the number of electrons to be added to complete the octet. (valency = 8 - valence electrons)
  • Nobel gases has the octet configuration, which means they have 8 valence electrons. For noble gas valency is zero.

Monovalent: An atom, ion, or chemical group with a valency of one, which thus can form one covalent bond is called monovalent.

  • For examples, Hydrogen,Sodium(Na),Potassium(K),Chlorine(Cl)e.t.c

Divalent: An atom, ion, or chemical group with a valency of two, which thus can form two covalent bonds is called divalent.

  • For example, Magnesium(Mg),Calcium(Ca),Oxygen(O)e.t.c.

Trivalent: An atom, ion, or chemical group with a valency of two, which thus can form two covalent bonds is called trivalent.

  • For examples, Aluminium(Al),Nitrogen(N)e.t.c.

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