When calcium oxide is added to water taken in a beaker, rise in temperature is observed. However when barium hydroxide is mixed with ammonium chloride, a fall in temperature is observed. Why?

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Solution

When Calcium oxide is added to water taken in a beaker, following reaction takes place:

CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 + heat

Since the reaction is exothermic, rise in temperature is observed.

When Barium hydroxide is mixed with Ammonium chloride, following reaction takes place:

2NH4Cl + Ba(OH)2 → BaCl2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O

This is an endothermic reaction.Thus, a fall in temperature is observed.

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