Which of the following are exothermic processes?

(1) Dilution of an acid.

(2) Evaporation of water.

(3) Reaction of water with Quicklime.

(4) Sublimation of camphor (crystals).

The correct option is B

(1) and (3)

The correct option is B.

Explanation for correct option

Step 1: Calcium hydroxide is created when water combines with quick lime, coupled with the evolution of heat. As a result, it is an exothermic.

$\mathrm{CaO}+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}⟶\mathrm{Ca}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2+\mathrm{Heat}$

Step 2: Diluting a concentrated acid is a very exothermic process.

${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}⟶{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}+{{\mathrm{HSO}}_4}^{-}+\mathrm{Heat}$

Explanation for incorrect option

Option A: (1) and (2)

1. ${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}⟶{\mathrm{H}}_3\mathrm{O}++{{\mathrm{HSO}}_4}^{-}+\mathrm{Heat}$ is an exothermic reaction.
2. Evaporation of water is an endothermic reaction.

Option C: (1) and (4)

1. Sublimation is the technique by which a material transitions from solid to gas without becoming liquid.
2. Thus, thermal energy is required for camphor sublimation. As a result, it is an endothermic reaction.

Option D: (3) and (4)

1. Calcium hydroxide is formed when it reacts with water. The interaction of water with quicklime produces a lot of energy. As a result, this is an exothermic process.
2. Thermal energy is required for camphor sublimation. As a result, it is an endothermic reaction.

Final answer: Dilution of an acid and Reaction of water with Quicklime are exothermic processes.